The importance of organic screening, regarding a clinical case.

INTRODUCTION: Before cataloguing a morbid process as a "mental disorder", it is essential to bear in mind the importance of early diagnosis of causes of non-psychiatric origin for a possible clinical presentation. For this reason, we will try to reflect this fact, which it seems necessary to remember even though it is well known, since it can be overlooked in emergency situations in the hospital setting, with the consequences derived from an incomplete diagnosis and with the potential life-threatening risk for the patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old female adolescent, who presented an acute clinical picture suggestive of dissociative disorder. She required hospital admission for diagnostic-therapeutic clarification, and neuroimaging findings led to an initial diagnosis of a neoplastic lesion in the brain stem and, finally, as ischaemic lesion of vasculitic origin in said location. DISCUSSION: A differential diagnosis was proposed through the different psychic and non-psychic aetiologies of the clinical picture, but the intervention of the hospital's paediatric service was necessary for orientation and definitive affiliation, given the suspicion of non-psychiatric illness after a torpid evolution in spite of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Through the presentation and review of a clinical case that happened in our hospital, we must insist on an adequate comprehensive approach to the patient, especially with the child-adolescent population, when faced with an acute clinical presentation and without previous studies at a relevant physical level.

La importancia del cribado orgánico. A propósito de un caso clínico

Introducción: Antes de catalogar un proceso morboso como trastorno mental, es imprescindible tener presente la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de causas de origen no psiquiátrico para una posible presentación clínica. Por ello, trataremos de reflejar este hecho, que se antoja necesario recordar aunque sea bien sabido, ya que puede pasarse por alto en situaciones de urgencia en el ámbito hospitalario, con las consecuencias derivadas de un cribado incompleto y con el potencial riesgo vital para el paciente. Presentación del caso: Adolescente mujer, de 13 años, que presentó un cuadro clínico agudosugestivo de carácter disociativo. Se precisó su ingreso hospitalario para la aclaración diagnóstico-terapéutica, y mediante neuroimagen se diagnosticó inicialmente como lesión neoplásica en el tronco del encéfalo y, finalmente, como lesión isquémica de origen vasculítico en dicha localización. Discusión: Se planteó un diagnóstico diferencial a través de las diferentes etiologías tanto psíquicas como no psíquicas del cuadro clínico, pero fue necesaria la intervención del servicio de pediatría hospitalario para la orientación y filiación definitiva, ante la sospecha de enfermedad no psiquiátrica tras una evolución tórpida a pesar de intervenciones psicoterapéuticas y psicofarmacológicas. Conclusiones: A través de la presentación y revisión de un caso clínico que sucedió en nuestro hospital de trabajo, se debe insistir en un adecuado abordaje integral del paciente, especialmente con población infanto-juvenil, ante una presentación clínica aguda y sin previas evaluaciones físicas de relevancia.

Introduction: Before cataloguing a morbid process as a "mental disorder", it is essential to bear in mind the importance of early diagnosis of causes of non-psychiatric origin for a possible clinical presentation. For this reason, we will try to reflect this fact, which it seems necessary to remember even though it is well known, since it can be overlooked in emergency situations in the hospital setting, with the consequences derived from an incomplete diagnosis and with the potential life-threatening risk for the patient. Case presentation: A 13-year-old female adolescent, who presented an acute clinical picture suggestive of dissociative disorder. She required hospital admission for diagnostic-therapeutic clarification, and neuroimaging findings led to an initial diagnosis of a neoplastic lesion in the brain stem and, finally, as ischaemic lesion of vasculitic origin in said location. Discussion: A differential diagnosis was proposed through the different psychic and nonpsychic aetiologies of the clinical picture, being the intervention of the hospital's paediatric service necessary for orientation and definitive affiliation, given the suspicion of non-psychiatric illness after a torpid evolution in spite of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions. Conclusions: Through the presentation and review of a clinical case that happened in our hospital, we must insist on an adequate comprehensive approach to the patient, especially with the child-adolescent population, when faced with an acute clinical presentation and without previous studies at a relevant physical level.

The importance of organic screening, regarding a clinical case. / La importancia del cribado orgánico. A propósito de un caso clínico.

INTRODUCTION: Before cataloguing a morbid process as a "mental disorder", it is essential to bear in mind the importance of early diagnosis of causes of non-psychiatric origin for a possible clinical presentation. For this reason, we will try to reflect this fact, which it seems necessary to remember even though it is well known, since it can be overlooked in emergency situations in the hospital setting, with the consequences derived from an incomplete diagnosis and with the potential life-threatening risk for the patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old female adolescent, who presented an acute clinical picture suggestive of dissociative disorder. She required hospital admission for diagnostic-therapeutic clarification, and neuroimaging findings led to an initial diagnosis of a neoplastic lesion in the brain stem and, finally, as ischaemic lesion of vasculitic origin in said location. DISCUSSION: A differential diagnosis was proposed through the different psychic and nonpsychic aetiologies of the clinical picture, being the intervention of the hospital's paediatric service necessary for orientation and definitive affiliation, given the suspicion of non-psychiatric illness after a torpid evolution in spite of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Through the presentation and review of a clinical case that happened in our hospital, we must insist on an adequate comprehensive approach to the patient, especially with the child-adolescent population, when faced with an acute clinical presentation and without previous studies at a relevant physical level.

Reversible Alopecia Secondary to OROS Methylphenidate. / Alopecia reversible secundaria a metilfenidato OROS.

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has a prevalence of 1-4% of the Spanish school population. Its treatment consists of giving amphetamine derivatives and, recently, non-stimulant drugs, without finding any differences in efficacy in the studies performed. CLINICAL CASE: A 7-year-old girl was referred from neurology due to learning delay and behaviour disorders. Diagnosed as likely ADHD, treatment was started with immediate release methylphenidate, and later with an osmotic release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate. When alopecia areata appeared, this treatment was withdrawn. After the re-introduction of modified release methylphenidate 30:70, symptom control was achieved without the appearance of alopecia. DISCUSSION: There is a published history of two cases of alopecia areata with OROS methylphenidate that resolved after increasing the dose of the drug without clearly knowing the reason for this event. There is no consensus on the priority use of the immediate release formula or the OROS methylphenidate.

Alopecia reversible secundaria a metilfenidato OROS / Reversible Alopecia Secondary to OROS Methylphenidate

RESUMEN Introducción: El TDAH tiene una prevalencia del 1-4% de la población escolar española. Su tratamiento se realiza con derivados anfetamínicos y, recientemente, con fármacos no esti mulantes; los estudios realizados no han encontrado diferencias de eficacia. Caso clínico: Niña de 7 arios llegó derivada desde neurología por retraso en el aprendizaje y trastornos de conducta. Orientada como TDAH, se inició tratamiento con metilfenidato de liberación inmediata y posteriormente con la fórmula OROS; apareció alopecia areata y se retiró el tratamiento. Tras la reintroducción de metilfenidato de liberación modificada 30:70, se consiguió controlar los síntomas sin que apareciera alopecia. Discusión: Hay antecedentes publicados de 2 casos de alopecia areata con metilfenidato OROS, que se resolvieron tras el aumento de dosis del fármaco, aunque no se conoce clara mente el motivo de este suceso. No hay consenso sobre el uso prioritario de la fórmula de liberación inmediata o la fórmula OROS del metilfenidato.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has a prevalence of 1-4% of the Spanish school population. Its treatment consists of giving amphetamine derivatives and, recently, non-stimulant drugs, without finding any differences in efficacy in the studies performed. Clinical case: A 7-year-old girl was referred from neurology due to learning delay and behaviour disorders. Diagnosed as likely ADHD, treatment was started with immediate release methylphenidate, and later with an osmotic release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate. When alopecia areata appeared, this treatment was withdrawn. After the re-introduction of modified release methylphenidate 30:70, symptom control was achieved without the appearance of alopecia. Discussion: There is a published history of two cases of alopecia areata with OROS methylp henidate that resolved after increasing the dose of the drug without clearly knowing the reason for this event. There is no consensus on the priority use of the immediate release formula or the OROS methylphenidate.